Why People Cannot Ask For Help Essay examples -- Asking For Help

It can be seen all around us. It may, in fact, affect a good number of us. What is affecting so many raft is something called the rampart of pride. start to build this wall once they turn into adolescents. The wall of pride is nearly indestructible and many problems. Some people build their wall so high that they are no longer able to ask for help and that can be destructive. The unavoidable truth is that everybody needs help at some point in his or her life. What makes some people refrain from asking for it? . It can be seen in many TV shows, movies, or books. . My feature mother has had experience with this strange stereotype. When I interviewed her she give tongue to that one notable experience stood out from the many. This event happened a couple of years ago when my family was campaign back from Colorado. She said that we were on our way back and my dad wanted to stop at a nursing understructure to visit his grandma. Now, this nursing home was in the middle of nowhere, Nebraska. After visiting, my mom asked my dad if he needed any help getting back onto the road. My dad took offence that my mom judgment that he did not know where he was going. My mom said that he would not listen to her or look at a map. He said that he grew up going to visit his grandma and knew exactly where to go. My mom said that she gave up trying to help and started to read her book. A few hours later, my mom asked if he needed any help because we were still not on the highway. My dad said that he might have taken a slander turn Kansas. This was a time before smart phones and GPS. My mom said that we had to find a rest stop and buy a map in order to get back onto the correct highway. When I asked if he listens better now, my mom said that my dad still does not like to ge... ...rove as a society until we can learn our weaknesses and rely on others for help to broaden our overall knowledge. Only when we reach that point will the wall of pride be desolated. Works Cited as k For Help. Personal Experiment. Ed. Kim Geis. 7-19 Nov. 2013.Fallows, Deborah. The Internet and Daily Life. Pewinternet.org. Pew Internet, 11 Aug. 2004. Web.10 Dec.2013.Gladwell, Malcolm. The Tipping Point How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference. capital of Massachusetts Back Bay, 2002. Print.Geis, Kim. Student Survey. Survey. 12 Dec. 2013.Geis, Teri. Personal interview. 11 Dec. 2013.Mayerowitz, Scott. Male Drivers Lost Longer Than Women. ABC News. ABC News Network, 26 Oct. 2010. Web. 10 Dec. 2013.Seidman, Dr. Daniel. Men and Asking for Help. The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 08 Dec. 2010. Web. 10 Dec. 2013.

The Human Function Argument Essay -- Philosophy Aristotle

The Human Function Argument Aristotle argues that the valet function is activity of the soul that expresses or requires earth. This object is found in Nicomachean Ethics approximately between Bekker lines 1097b24 and 1098a9.1. Humans must have a function, or else they would be idle, which is absurd. Aristotle directly asks the reader if humans office have no important overall function other than a chosen occupation in society but suggests that this would not be anticipate of nature. Terence Irwin used the word idle in his 1985 translation when phrasing this disjunct of Aristotle?s question.2. Each human body part has a function, so the integral human must likewise have a function. This premise appears parallel to Aristotle?s argument that many goods serve higher goods within a hierarchy (1094a10). Aristotle is invoking the concept a hierarchy to consider functions of body parts. Each part has a function that serves a larger part with a different function, and so it seems that the largest unit, the human body itself, must have a function.3. The human function is unique to only humans themselves. Aristotle does not seem to consider that unique human features could simply be superfluous he simply states as a goal that he is looking for a unique function.4. Human function is not growth and nutrition because these aspects of life are shared with plants. It is sensible to make this exclusion if one accepts the third premise.5. Human function is not sense intuition because this aspect of life is shared with animals. Fulfilling a function like this would constitute a life of gratification, which Aristotle rejected earlier (1095b16).6. The part of the human soul with reason is unique to humans. This is simply... ...unction argument points out its inadequacy to stand alone since the argument provides little evidence for some of its premises and rests only on certain gross beliefs without making a strong connection to the supporting evidence.BibliographyAristotl e. Nicomachean Ethics. Classics of Moral and Political Theory. 3rd ed. Trans. Terence Irwin. Ed. Michael L. Morgan. Indianapolis Hackett make Company, 2001.Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics. The Internet Classics Archive. Trans. W. D. Ross. sic.Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics. Trans. Terence Irwin. Indianapolis Hackett Publishing Company, 1985.Aristotle. Politics. Trans. C. D. C. Reeve. Indianapolis Hackett Publishing Company, 1998.Plato. Protagoras. Trans. Stanley Lombardo and Karen Bell. Indianapolis Hackett Publishing Company, 1992.

A lesson from a truck driver :: essays research papers

A Lesson from a Truck DriverThis story is about a lesson that my friends and I in condition(p) from a truck number one wood. It was a fine day when two of my best friends and I were walking home from school. We were in second grade and just infantile as everybody else in our age. As we were walking on the sidewalk I found a big sucker on the ground. I wanted to render some fun and told one of my friends, Junghee, that if he is brave enough, he could throw that sucker and hit a car driving by. He hesitated for a epoch and I started to make fun of him for being such a chicken. I could see that he was about to do what I asked him to, but he was dummy up hesitating, afraid of getting in a trouble. I said, Come on, I throw small rocks at cars all the time. You will be just fine. And what else the driver is going to do, huh? They are not going to stop and run after us. And even if they do, we can still run away from them. We are pretty fast. He agreed with me and he threw the sucker high in the air. I didnt see any car coming at that very moment, but indoors a second, a loud noise startled my ears when the sucker hit this blue trucks windshield. The truck driver kept going for a second so I thought nothing was going to happen. However, he suddenly hit the brake and stopped in front of the police station. The firstborn thing I had in my mind was that he was going to go into the police station and tell the police officer what we did, and thats what scared me for a second. Fortunately he did not go into the police station. In spite of going into the police station, he looked at us and started running toward us. Thats when I said, RunWe started running towards our apartment area, which was about 1000 meters away from the police station. I turned back when we were running, and saw that mans mad breast. His face was so red that I thought he was totally drunk. As soon as I reached the main entrance of our apartment, my friend and I hid screw the trees and bushes. However, Junghee was a little bit behind us.

Land Travel in the 17th Century Essay -- European History Essays

Land Travel in the 17th CenturyBarbara Blaugdone travelled a great deal, using her faith and drive to spread her message across England and Ireland. In England, she traveled well over a hundred miles, in Ireland she traveled over two hundred. She also made several voyages by sea. Her travels must have been long and difficult, as she faced not only the workaday dangers of the road but the dangers of persecution and imprisonment as well. Many Quakers traveled in her time, following Gods will and spreading their message across many miles. They were not the only ones who traveled by land, however. Merchants and businessmen depended on goods, which were transported to them by farmers, merchant caravans, or ships. Peddlers made their living by travel, selling various goods and buying others. Wealthy young men often traveled to complete their education, and members of the upper-class visited health spas. Mainly, land travel was on foot or in the saddle. In addition to their own two leg s, lower classes relied on mules or asses, wagons, and hand carts. The upper class used h...

Akc Dog Breeds Essay -- essays research papers

We humans classify everything that we have come to know in this world, from elements to all Gods creatures. Man likes to know he has control and the classification and selective processes man takes are all for control. Even mans best conversancy has been narrowed down into stems which man created. In each group are dogs that have been breed for a specific use to help man do a job faster, easier, and more efficiently. Every breed is assigned to one of seven groups, based on the uses for which the breeds were originally developed (AKC.org). Mans best friend has been reason into the Hound, Working, Terrier, Toy, Non-Sporting, Herding, and Sporting Groups.The Hound Group contains such popular dogs as the Basset Hound, Bloodhound, and Greyhound. There are 22 separate breeds in the Hound Group alone. This group can be further separated into the scent hounds and the sight hounds. Scent hounds have been bred to find their prey by their overdeveloped sense of smell. Sight hounds were bred to spot targets at great distances and let their handlers know where the prey is located. The Working Groups is a group of 21 different breeds of dogs. These dogs were bred to perform such jobs as guarding property, pulling sleds, and performing wet rescues (AKC.org). Some common breeds in this group are the Great Dane, Doberman Pinscher, and Boxer. These dogs were bred for specific tasks but all needed to be intelligent, quick at learning, and good companions. roughly of the...

Akc Dog Breeds Essay -- essays research papers

We humans classify everything that we have come to know in this world, from elements to all Gods creatures. Man likes to know he has go out and the classification and selective processes man takes atomic number 18 all for control. Even mans best friend has been narrowed down into meetings which man created. In each group are dogs that have been breed for a item use to help man do a job faster, easier, and more efficiently. Every breed is assigned to atomic number 53 of seven groups, based on the uses for which the breeds were originally developed (AKC.org). Mans best friend has been categorized into the Hound, Working, Terrier, Toy, Non-Sporting, Herding, and Sporting Groups.The Hound Group contains such popular dogs as the appear Hound, Bloodhound, and Greyhound. There are 22 separate breeds in the Hound Group alone. This group can be further separated into the scent hounds and the sight hounds. aroma hounds have been bred to find their prey by their overdeveloped sense of s mell. Sight hounds were bred to spot targets at great distances and let their handlers know where the prey is located. The Working Groups is a group of 21 different breeds of dogs. These dogs were bred to perform such jobs as guarding property, pulling sleds, and performing water rescues (AKC.org). Some common breeds in this group are the Great Dane, Doberman Pinscher, and Boxer. These dogs were bred for specific tasks but all needed to be intelligent, quick at learning, and good companions. Most of the...

Nurse Practitioner

Yaidelyn Alonso SLS1125 Matos 4/20/12 confines Caring Today For A healthier Tomorrow development up in a house hold of medical checkup personnel, such as my mother and my aunt and other close relatives has re onlyy inspired me to set about a Nurse practitioner, that most of all my inspiration has come due to the death of my father. I want to athletic supporter patients who may bedevil moody hope, who may think of that at that places nothing anyone can do, I want to give patients hope, and I will devote my life to make a difference in the medical field.Although it wont be easy, I know there will be obstacles I have to overcome, I think anything is possible if you persevere and if you draw in yourself to do something that you love. At the end of the day you made at least one persons life much enjoyable and filled them with hope, thats what Ill be thinking ein truth night before I lay my head on my pillow. A Nurse Practitioner is a registered hold up with advanced trainin g in diagnosing and treating illnesses. Nurse Practitioners prescribe medication which usually RNs cannot do, as sanitary as treat illnesses, and administer physical exams.The difference between an NP and a physician is that they focus on prevention, wellness and nurture. To be more proper(postnominal) Nurse Practitioners may alter in either Neonatal C be with new born and babys or Geriatric Health, Adult Health, Oncology, Family Health and Psychiatric/Mental Health. in person I love trauma centers and the Emergency Room, Im quick on my feet and I do not equivalent standing around, I give care a job that challenges me and keeps me occupied.As a Nurse Practitioner you can sub-specialize in different areas and lately Ive been very concerned in Oncology. To be very brief my father passed away due to cancer in his liver, I want to help and provide my utmost help to those with cancer like his, I want to make someones day a little brighter no matter how sick they really feel. I don t just want to be a health precaution personnel I want to be the difference in someones life, I want patients to have faith in me because I wont fail to care to there every need.In order to cash in ones chips an NP theres accredited qualifications you need to abide by and of course you first must finish you AA and your bachelors in Registered nurse. As a current assimilator in Miami Dade College Ive researched and talk with counselors that have guided me into the classes I must carry to even get into the nursing program. Such as the basics interpersonal chemistry and human growth and development, as well as Anatomy 1 and Anatomy 2, its not just taking the classes but about deviation them with extraordinary grades and calibrate with your AA and a really good GPA.After graduating with my AA I plan to transfer to FIU and boost my studies, they have a great Nursing program, as curtly as I alumnus with my bachelors degree I will continue to get my masters and broaden my knowl edge in my studies. To be a obtain practitioner, you need to have a graduate degree, such as a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or Doctor of Nursing institutionalise (DNP). The current minimum education needed to fit as a Nurse Practitioner is a MSN degree, which takes 3-4 years to complete, depending on your specialty.Many colleges and universities prefer you have a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) for entry into this graduate program, while other schools allow a bachelors degree in another field if you are a registered treasure. In further detail In order to become an oncology nurse specialist, I will need to learn specific cancer care skills through with(predicate) coursework, clinical use or continuing education. After gaining enough knowledge and on-the-job experience, I then can take an exam to become an Oncology Certified Nurse.To become an oncology nurse practitioner, I will also need to complete aMaster of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree, typically obtained thro ugh a 2-year program of graduate study. As an oncology nurse practitioner, I will need at least 500 hours of supervised clinical practice in oncology to be eligible to take the certification examination to become an Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP). Certification is required in many states such as Florida. As with allnursing careers, the demand for oncology nurses practitioner is expected to increase significantly over the next ten years.This is especially true because the long majority of cancers are diagnosed in people over 55, making oncology nurses critically necessary The median expected salary for a typicalNurse Practitionerin theUnited Statesis$90,531. Nursing is an art and if it is to be made an art, It requires an exclusive devotion as hard a preparation, as any painters or sculptors work for what is the having to do with dead analyse or dead marble, compared with having to do with the living body, the temple of Gods spirit? It is one of the exquisi te Arts I had almost said, the finest of Fine Arts. Florence NightingaleNurse PractitionerYaidelyn Alonso SLS1125 Matos 4/20/12 Nurses Caring Today For A Healthier Tomorrow Growing up in a house hold of medical personnel, such as my mother and my aunt and other close relatives has really inspired me to become a Nurse Practitioner, but most of all my inspiration has come due to the death of my father. I want to help patients who may have false hope, who may think that theres nothing anyone can do, I want to give patients hope, and I will devote my life to make a difference in the medical field.Although it wont be easy, I know there will be obstacles I have to overcome, I think anything is possible if you persevere and if you commit yourself to do something that you love. At the end of the day you made at least one persons life more enjoyable and filled them with hope, thats what Ill be thinking every night before I lay my head on my pillow. A Nurse Practitioner is a registered nurse with advanced training in diagnosing and treating illnesses. Nurse Practitioners prescribe medication which usually RNs cannot do, as well as treat illnesses, and administer physical exams.The difference between an NP and a physician is that they focus on prevention, wellness and education. To be more specific Nurse Practitioners may specialize in either Neonatal Care with new born and babys or Geriatric Health, Adult Health, Oncology, Family Health and Psychiatric/Mental Health. Personally I love trauma centers and the Emergency Room, Im quick on my feet and I do not like standing around, I like a job that challenges me and keeps me occupied.As a Nurse Practitioner you can sub-specialize in different areas and lately Ive been very interested in Oncology. To be very brief my father passed away due to cancer in his liver, I want to help and provide my utmost help to those with cancer like his, I want to make someones day a little brighter no matter how sick they really feel. I dont just want to be a healthcare personnel I want to be the difference in someones life, I want patients to have faith in me because I wont fail to care to there every need.In order to become an NP theres certain qualifications you need to abide by and of course you first must finish you AA and your bachelors in Registered Nursing. As a current student in Miami Dade College Ive researched and spoke with counselors that have guided me into the classes I must take to even get into the nursing program. Such as the basics chemistry and human growth and development, as well as Anatomy 1 and Anatomy 2, its not just taking the classes but about passing them with extraordinary grades and graduate with your AA and a really good GPA.After graduating with my AA I plan to transfer to FIU and further my studies, they have a great Nursing program, as soon as I graduate with my bachelors degree I will continue to get my masters and broaden my knowledge in my studies. To be a nurse practitioner, you ne ed to have a graduate degree, such as a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP). The current minimum education needed to work as a Nurse Practitioner is a MSN degree, which takes 3-4 years to complete, depending on your specialty.Many colleges and universities prefer you have a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) for entry into this graduate program, while other schools allow a bachelors degree in another field if you are a registered nurse. In further detail In order to become an oncology nurse specialist, I will need to learn specific cancer care skills through coursework, clinical practice or continuing education. After gaining enough knowledge and on-the-job experience, I then can take an exam to become an Oncology Certified Nurse.To become an oncology nurse practitioner, I will also need to complete aMaster of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree, typically obtained through a 2-year program of graduate study. As an oncology nurse practitioner, I will need at least 500 hours of supervised clinical practice in oncology to be eligible to take the certification examination to become an Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP). Certification is required in many states such as Florida. As with allnursing careers, the demand for oncology nurses practitioner is expected to increase significantly over the next ten years.This is especially true because the vast majority of cancers are diagnosed in people over 55, making oncology nurses critically necessary The median expected salary for a typicalNurse Practitionerin theUnited Statesis$90,531. Nursing is an art and if it is to be made an art, It requires an exclusive devotion as hard a preparation, as any painters or sculptors work for what is the having to do with dead canvas or dead marble, compared with having to do with the living body, the temple of Gods spirit? It is one of the Fine Arts I had almost said, the finest of Fine Arts. Florence Nightingale

Belonging

Be farsighteding Essay The concept of belong is crucial in our lives as it brings about acceptance and connection to a person, group or outrank. Migrants ofttimes experience alienation and exclusion before experiencing acceptance and belong into the advanced society. Peter skrzynecki portrays migration as a painful, soul searching experience, re forging a wiz of personal and cultural identity which is evident in Migrant hostel. On the contrary Peter displays a perspective were the family feels stability and security at their address 10 Mary Street.The journey to belong frequently proves to be a great buck the lack of social stability generates a sense of loss and insecurity leaving migrants struggling to adjust to their youthful cultural environment. This is seduceed in the first stanza of Migrant hostel by means of the choice of linguistic communication such as sudden/wondering, which illustrates uncertainty and doubt of what is occurring around them, therefore living err atic and uncertain lives.The idea of not being in control of their lives is further emphasized in the first stanza with the go for of the simile we lived a like birds of passage, this creates a image of migratory birds and represents how the migrants ar at a point of transaction in reality. Peter creates a get word of confinement and imprisonment via the symbol of a barrier A barrier at the briny gate, represents obstacles to their dream of belong and exclusion from mainstream Australia.The Migrants are shown as being powerless and their lives nurse been marked by disorientation, unaware of the season/whose track we would hound, highlights the whole migrant communities uncertainty as we is inclusive of any migrants and shows that all migrants experience similar hardship. The irony of the concluding lines that had only begun or were dying, accentuates the burden of uncertainty in their lives instead of surviving in their impudent homeland and experience a new sense of be the ir lives remain in limbo.However, plurality eventually experience be which is evident in 10 Mary Street as it is a stark contrast to Migrant hostel as there is insecurity opus there is a timbre of security in 10 Mary Street due to the familys long termination connection to their home and Australia itself. The repetition of nineteen years reinforces how long term residency establishes a place of belonging. Peter as well repeats eight years in St Patricks as Peter is pointing out how peoples sense of belonging is strengthened over a long period of time.Furthermore, the simile like a well-oiled whorl, symbolizes security and highlights how the family is experiencing security at their family home. The poem also highlights how the familys strong affinity with the garden represents settlement and permanency in Australia. The simile like espouse children emphasizes the parents great care and love for their garden and symbolizes their belonging to their new homeland. The act of Pete r ravaging the garden represents how the garden provides the family with food and sustenance.The garden is a representation of their new homeland as Australia also provides them with work, opportunity and a good life. The house is described as part of the family through the incarnation the house stands this portrays the house as another member of the family as it shows belonging and relation to the house. The illustration Inheritors of a key thatll open no house, highlights the poets postponement of his family and their home, the experience is cherished however when the house is pulled down, he believes he will never be able to experience such warmth when he moves on in life.In conclusion, it is evident that a person will establish a connection with a place or person with time, however will go through hardships and feelings of unfamiliarity before finding security and belonging to their new homeland. Migrant hostel emphasizes how lifes adversities can hamper peoples sense of belon ging, while 10 Mary Street portrays how people adapt to their new homeland to start citizens of the soil and experience stability and security.BelongingBelonging can be a possible path to an individuals self-actualisation. A sense of identity can be identified by belonging or not belonging to a particular group or place. A person can portray different values of belonging through different situations and settings, like in Shakespeares period and the period in Fight nine. Maslows Hierarchy of belonging suggests that belonging is one of the basic needs of man existence. All humans aspire to belong but only a few are able to transcend this basic human need and become self-actualised individuals who rise beyond their social expectations and go against the conventions that define them.This is portrayed through the characters in As You like It that flee to the Forest of Arden but eventually pass away because that is where they truly belong. As well as Tyler in Fight Club. Belonging is a possible path to ones individual self-actualisation, which can be identified via various mediums as witnessed through David Finchers Fight Club and Shakespeares As You alike It. Maslows hierarchy extrapolates the basic fundamentals of belonging suggesting that belonging is ones fundamental need of human existence.This notion is illustrated through Tyler Durden in Fight Club as well as characters in As You Like It where individuals strive to transcend the basic human necessity of belonging and become self-actualised individuals who rise beyond their social expectations and defy conventions defining them. Fight club demonstrates the fonts of belonging through the relationship between the narrator and his alter ego, Tyler Durden. It is a commentary on our lost generation. The relationship shows the changes the narrator undergoes throughout the film.The Fight Club has an aggregation to the lost generation. The narrator with the help of Tyler Durden founded Fight Club as a way of ve nting aggression physically through engagement other men. It begins with him fighting Tyler (although he is actually fighting himself) but soon other men want to join and wee fights of their own. The men of our generation have been raised to neutralise fighting, but suddenly they realize along with the main character, I just dont want to die without a few scars. Fight Club is an expression of modern font dysfunctionality of modern context that have so alienated the individuals into nameless and androgynous emasculated male figures. General society has adopted this aspect just the same as society has adopted the consumer identity. Tyler Durden says We are byproducts of the lifestyle obsession. Murder, crime, poverty, these things dont concern me. What concerns me is celebrity magazines, television with 500 channels, some cat-o-nine-tailss name on my underwear, Rogain, Viagra, Olestra, Martha Stewart. Tyler describes a life style that is defined by things you dont need. From here we run into the consumer identity. The consumer identity is the understanding that you are what you buy you exist to express yourself in material possessions. The goal is to simply look impressive not be impressive, so you can appear to have more money than you really do. In a society that claims the consumer identity, the ultimate sacrifice would be to put your projected reputation on the line. In modern society, this is too risky for many people and that is the main reason why fights are avoided.However, by embracing the idea that you arent what you own, you are only what your custody are capable of, you can free yourself of everything you have tried to appear as with every punch you give or take. The fighting is a metaphor for feeling, not promoting physical combat. The narrator states fight club isnt about winning or losing. It was about words, when the fight was over, nothing was solved, but nothing mattered. subsequently we all felt saved. The concept of belonging not only d eals with acceptance, but also rejection and alienation. This concept can influence our belonging to a place or group.This is explored through Shakespeares play as you like it. end-to-end the novel, as you like it explores the idea of belonging to place. The title itself gives the play to the audience, implying belongs to those viewing it. Throughout the novel, we can clearly detect the characters desires to belong as dictated by the social religious hierarchy of the renaissance drawn out by the church and king in the form of the chain of being. According to Shakespeare text and his context, everyone has their rightful place. If one place is altered or disturbed, there is chaos and anarchy.Hence, As You like It is a reaffirmation of the chain of being where Duke seniors dukedom has been altered by his younger brother Frederick, and this causes the chaos that leads to many of the characters fleeing to the place they belong to into the forest. In As You like It, the traditions of so ciety push characters to play certain roles. Rosalind, the protagonist, has no control over society and gender expectations presented to her. Even though she is the most interesting, intelligent and officious character in the novel, she is confined into the expected pistillate role.This suppresses her personality to be expected to fit into and belong at the court. Her attempts at conformity lead her to initially feel fear at seeking out the Forest of Arden because such a place would be d provokeous for a woman. She overcomes this by transcending gender boundaries choosing to veil herself as a man. While she is a man, she is able to explore her true personality and identity. Is she had not used the role of Ganymede in the forest she may have been left in a similar role to Celia who is unable to shake her constraints of femininity.Ultimately, the different values of belonging in different situatuations is seen in both texts through Tyler in Fight Club where he creates a place for p eople who have the same daily routine to break free from this and to vent their anger by fighting. This fighting is a metaphor for freedom, Freedom from their daily lives and the idea of the consumer identity. This form of freedom and belonging is also seen in As You Like it where Rosalind breaks the female stereotype of not being strong enough to protect herself in the forest of Arden, where she runs away to.BelongingBelonging Essay The concept of belonging is essential in our lives as it brings about acceptance and connection to a person, group or place. Migrants often experience alienation and exclusion before experiencing acceptance and belonging into the new society. Peter skrzynecki portrays migration as a painful, soul searching experience, re forging a sense of personal and cultural identity which is evident in Migrant hostel. On the contrary Peter displays a perspective were the family feels stability and security at their address 10 Mary Street.The journey to belong often proves to be a great burden the lack of social stability generates a sense of loss and insecurity leaving migrants struggling to adjust to their new cultural environment. This is established in the first stanza of Migrant hostel through the choice of words such as sudden/wondering, which illustrates uncertainty and doubtfulness of what is occurring around them, therefore living erratic and uncertain lives.The idea of not being in control of their lives is further emphasized in the first stanza with the use of the simile we lived like birds of passage, this creates a image of migratory birds and represents how the migrants are at a point of transaction in reality. Peter creates a picture of confinement and imprisonment via the symbol of a barrier A barrier at the main gate, represents obstacles to their dream of belonging and exclusion from mainstream Australia.The Migrants are shown as being powerless and their lives have been marked by disorientation, unaware of the season/whose tr ack we would follow, highlights the whole migrant communities uncertainty as we is inclusive of all migrants and shows that all migrants experience similar hardship. The irony of the concluding lines that had only begun or were dying, accentuates the burden of uncertainty in their lives instead of surviving in their new homeland and experience a new sense of belonging their lives remain in limbo.However, people eventually experience belonging which is evident in 10 Mary Street as it is a stark contrast to Migrant hostel as there is insecurity while there is a feeling of security in 10 Mary Street due to the familys long term connection to their home and Australia itself. The repetition of nineteen years reinforces how long term residency establishes a place of belonging. Peter also repeats eight years in St Patricks as Peter is pointing out how peoples sense of belonging is strengthened over a long period of time.Furthermore, the simile like a well-oiled lock, symbolizes security an d highlights how the family is experiencing security at their family home. The poem also highlights how the familys strong affinity with the garden represents settlement and permanency in Australia. The simile like adopted children emphasizes the parents great care and love for their garden and symbolizes their belonging to their new homeland. The act of Peter ravaging the garden represents how the garden provides the family with food and sustenance.The garden is a representation of their new homeland as Australia also provides them with work, opportunity and a good life. The house is described as part of the family through the personification the house stands this portrays the house as another member of the family as it shows belonging and relation to the house. The metaphor Inheritors of a key thatll open no house, highlights the poets appreciation of his family and their home, the experience is cherished however when the house is pulled down, he believes he will never be able to experience such warmth when he moves on in life.In conclusion, it is evident that a person will establish a connection with a place or person with time, however will go through hardships and feelings of unfamiliarity before finding security and belonging to their new homeland. Migrant hostel emphasizes how lifes adversities can hamper peoples sense of belonging, while 10 Mary Street portrays how people adapt to their new homeland to become citizens of the soil and experience stability and security.

Mastering Teacher Leadership Business Research Essay

This case presents a situation that is quite common in the education field and addresses the responses by institutions to modern legislating imposed upon them. As is often the case, the legislators do not address the impacts to organizations, leaving the actual implementation to the end user (i.e., public and private schools). In this particular case, Wittenburg University (WU) is faced with the ending of whether to develop and deliver a Master of Arts breaker point in classroom leadership. 1.) Build the management- question question hierarchy for this opportunity. The sign step in the research is the creation of a management-research question hierarchy, to melodyalize the serve. For this case study, the management-research hierarchy is presented in Appendix A. The purpose of this hierarchy is to examine the motley stages of the research question and present a logical sequence of increasing focus that will entirelyow the growth of a reexamine instrument that enkindle be de livered to potential programme applicants.The initial stage is to secern and state the management dilemma, which in this case is the impending new legislation. The State of Ohio intends to require all licenced teachers to have, or complete, a masters degree before obtaining their second licensure to teach. Given that this is new legislation and WU is not obligated to offer a program, the management dilemma actually presents an opportunity for WU to develop a new degree program, thereby increasing revenue for the university. The second stage of the process is to identify the management questions.In this case, WU needs to decide what purpose would the new program serve? would this program duplicate teacher development courses? what format should the new program utilize (e.g., part- while, distance)? The third stage addresses the particular research questions Does WU have the faculty/administrative capacity to offer the full program? is there sufficient yield on investment to offer the program? and if all is positive, should WU develop and offer the program.Investigative questions, as part of a survey instrument should examine the pack for the program, what is the potential market, what other competition exists, and what would the program-costing model look like. One other variable that should be explored is the potential of Ohio teachers moving toanother state to avoid the legislation. On a similar scale, movement within the policing industry is often impacted by similar factors, so this question should be examined. The final stage of the process is that actual measurement component, whereby researchers will examine the demographic schooling, correlate and analyze the data collected from the surveys. In order to increase the confidence level of the analysis, survey questions should utilize appropriate ranking/rating scales, and ensure open-ended questions are avoided. Once the data has been analyzed, researchers will be able to provide WU administrators wit h sufficient information upon which to base a decision on whether to proceed with the program. 2. Evaluate the appropriateness of the exploratory stage of the research design.As noted earlier, the new State of Ohio legislation presents an opportunity for WU to implement a new graduate study program, and increase their enrollments. Before proceeding to the program development stage, however, WU needs to conduct exploratory research to guide their decision making process. An initial step in the process is to conduct secondary research, utilizing available resources, to identify similar programs (i.e., competition) and responses to similar legislation in other states. Given that the majority of this secondary data will be discovered via internet searches, the researchers should conduct a source evaluation. The course text identifies five dollar bill factors to evaluate secondary data Purpose the explicit or hidden agenda of the information source Scope the breadth and depth of topic coverage, including time period, geographical limitations, and the criteria for information inclusion.Authority the level of data (primary, secondary, tertiary) and the credentials of the source author(s) Audience the characteristics and background of the people or groups for whom the source was created Format how the information is presented and the degree of ease of locating specific information within the source. (Cooper & Schindler, 2008, p. 109) Sources of appropriate data could include alumni surveys from WU, State of Ohio statistics related to post secondary institutions, national data bases, and a study of existing Master of Education (MEd) programs. By utilizing the above noted filters to secondary information, the researchers will be able to ensure they have considered all variables and factors in making adecision.3. Evaluate the sampling st driftgy. In this case study, WU mailed the survey to all of the 1,600 identified teachers residing in Clark County, which is the nursing home county of WU essentially this is not a sample, but rather a census. The remaining cd surveys were then mailed to systematic sampling to teachers in the surrounding counties. I see an issue with this, as the parameters of the systematic sampling are not detailed for example, were teachers who already completed a MEd degree included in the sample? I would suggest that the 400 surveys were mailed to a convenience sampling rather than a proper probability sample.Factors such as these may have contributed to the low response rate from the survey. Given the implementation time line of the new legislation, it would have been valuable to survey potential teachers (i.e., those currently in an undergraduate program), as they would likely form the WU MEd cohort. This would give a clearer picture of the market potential of the program.4. Prepare a preliminary analysis plan for this study. Which variables do you want frequencies on? Why? The initial stage of the data correlation and analysis would be the proper coding of the data and entry into an appropriate software database. For this case study, the data was presented as an surpass file, so the exploratory data analysis would include a complete descriptive statistical calculations and frequencies for applicable questions. I would suggest questions that create nominal or ordinal data are the most appropriate for frequency tables, and provide a clearer picture of the survey respondents. The data sets may be utilized to have if the teacher sample is representative of the overall population, and cross tabulations conducted to draw correlations between categories. I would suggest that data specifically addressing respondents who require a masters degree, or those contemplating pursuing higher education would be of particular interest, as they represent the potential student market.Researchers will also need to account for non-response errors and missing data within the coding and analysis stages 5. Which v ariables do you want to cross-tabulate? Why? Given the nature of the research questions, it would be beneficial to identity, through crosstabulations, those teachers who have not yet applied for their second licensure to teach and what level of education those teachers currently have. This would clarify the potentialmarket for the WU program.In addition, cross-tabulations to identify potential teachers relative to their home counties would give a clearer picture of those teachers who could/would realistically attend the WU program over another program closer to their homes. A final cross tabulation that may prove beneficial is the number of teachers who currently are not impacted by the new legislation, but may look to the WU MEd. program for professional development courses. As noted earlier, the new legislation presents an opportunity for to expand upon their graduate level programs, but given the costs to initiate a new program, the decision to proceedmust be based upon valid and credible research data. Therefore, the exploratory research undertaken is critical, as it will form the foundation for any decisions make by the university administration.ReferencesCooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2008). Business research methods. New York McGraw-Hill Irwin. Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2010). Practical research planning and design. Upper Saddle River, NY Pearson Education Inc. 6

Organizational Development Term Paper Essay

2.1 MEANING OF clement pick DEVELOPMENT (HRD)(Rao 1990) Human imagery ripening is the mathematical abut of helping people to acquire expertise. In an organisational context, it is the process by which organizations help their employees in a continuous and planned way in pasture to acquire or sharpen the abilities take to perform various functions associated with their amaze or expected future roles develop their general skills as individuals, discover and utilize their inner authorization for their own and/or organizational victimisation purposes develop an organizational culture in which supervisor subordinate relationships, team pass away and collaboration among sub-units ar beardown(prenominal) and contribute to the professional well-being, motivation, and pride of employees. The Human resource development process is facilitated by mechanisms (instruments or sub systems) such as performance appraisal, nurture, organizational development (OD) feedback and counseli ng, public life development, potential development, occupation rotation and rewards. Employees argon helped constantly in coordinate to make them to acquire new skills. This aid is offered through a process of readiness, performance, feedback and training. It withal includes, assessment of the developmental needs, periodic reviews of performance, and the creation of development opportunities through training, farm out rotation, responsibleness definition and similar other mechanisms.THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (HRD)Human resource development is a people-oriented concept that focuses on create the skills, knowledge and competencies of people. Human resource development can be employ both at the organizational train as well as the national level. Various authors have not notwithstanding been fully successful in conceiving the whole concept of gentle resource development. They have defined the term from their standpoint due to the f mask that it is a recent co ncept and therefore is legato in the conceptualizing stage.Lifelong nurture has become an important topic under the globalization perspective, the whole world develops into a learning society (Gass,1996). Work organizations are becoming important partners in this learning society, as they provide more and more opportunities for continuous learning to their employees with the objective to optimize organizational learning as a whole (Karen et al., 2001). Despite the growing number of publications on Human Resource out growths (HRDs) role in organizational learning m some(prenominal) uncertainties re chief(prenominal).However, many enkindle initiatives are being undertaken by HRD practitioners in facilitating employee learning and professional development (Tjepkema, 2000). Many organizations have renamed their training departments to tender resource development departments. Surprisingly many organizations renamed their personnel departments to valet de chambre race resource dev elopment departments. Some educational institutions started awarding degrees and diplomas in humanity resource development, with the fact remaining that the concept is not yet crystal clear. It is a concept not so old that sufficient human input could have been possible.The concept of human resource development was introduced by Nadler (1984) in a conference nonionised by the American society for training and development. Nadler (1984) defines human resource development as Those learning experiences, which are organized for a specific time and designed to bring about the possibility of behavioral and attitudinal potpourri.23General Assembly resolution 44/213 of UN in 1989 states retell HRD is a broad concept requiring integrated and concentrated strategies, policies plans and programs to ensure the development of the full potential of human beingsso that they may, individually and collectively, be capable of astir(p) their standard of living.unquote.Alvin Toffler, the author of future shock and The Third Wave wrote about the importance of learning in the 21st Century and how the use of learning skills allow denote literacy. The definition he used has more meaning than ever in current times and can serve as a gauge for us as individuals and as organizations both in measuring our own concepts regarding HRD skills and in planning learning experiences with others. The term learning experience refers to purpose-built or intentional learning not incidental learning ascited by John (2005).organisational view point is that human resource development is a process in which the employees of an organization are motivated to acquire and develop technical, managerial and behavioral knowledge skills and abilities (John 2005). Their values beliefs and attitudes are reshaped in order to perform present and future roles by releasing the highest human potential with a view to contributing positively to individuals social deaths as well as the organizational goals. A co mparative analysis of these definitions seems elaborate and comprehensive as it deals with the developmental aspects of all the components of human resources. Furthermore, it deals with all skill sets, the present and future organizational needs and aspects of contributions at organizational level. The analysis of the definitions further shows that there are three aspects in human resource development plaqueal employees are helped and motivated Various aspects of human resources are acquired, developed and molded Contribute to the organizational, group, individual and social goals.Initially the helping and motivating factors of human resource development, like organizational structure and climate, human resource development climate, human resource development knowledge and skills of managers and resource planning enlisting and selection may be called enabling factors. The second aspect deals with techniques or methods, which mean to acquire, develop and shape up the various human r esources. These techniques include performance appraisal, potential appraisal, career planning, and development, training, management development, social and cultural programmes, role players participation in management and quality circles. The third category includes the outcomes contribution of the human resource development process to the goals of the organization, group, individuals and society.2.3 ELEMENTS OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENTThe following are the elements of human resource development discussed in detail human resource development activities to be the joint responsibility ofvarious target functionaries, such as managers, govt. functionaries and in case of education, teachers and parents as well. reducing direct recruitment by retraining and, redeployment of existing manpower, so as to encourage professionalism with a reasonable uplift to the status of a professional approach specially required in education. placing emphasis on human resource development strategies w hich would suitably match the individual and organizational needs, with special reference to teacher education where trainees are enjoying double role as a student and as a teacher also this magnifies the significance of professional needs to be addressed on priority. using training as the main human resource development strategy utilizing performance and potential appraisal not only as mechanisms for deciding rewards and punishments but as an effective dickhead for development, as a trained individual a teacher in this case has also to lead his / her students to 25an optimum possibilities of innovation and creativity which will be impossible without quality development considered in training scope. But moving a bit beyond by incorporating all aspects of HRD which are required for developing softer images in the personalities of these trainees who are supposed to facilitate students rather than pulling into a hard, rough and tough situations where the softer aspects of students pe rsonalities have hardly any space to grow. qualification jobs more meaningful and providing challenges and intrinsic motivation so that they become the strongest motivators, as without proper motivation both at teachers and students end, tabloid of creativity cannot be widened. developing the line staff as competent resource people for human resource development, in the environment of intellectual development for quality assurance. conducting periodic reviews of the organizational health introducingsuitable interventions on a long-term basis but with a suitable / workable frequency to make the development . encouraging, adopting and experimenting with new interventions aimed at human resources development and liberally encouraging research and to find new horizon for mental caliber of trainee teachers. conducting regular audit of the effectiveness of the personnel and human resource development systems, so that this system is obliged to be economically viable and practical. develo ping and implementing a mechanism for clarification of goals and roles for individuals and groups and making them capable of goal oriented. That will make their job experts with a stress to time constraints. arranging for a continuous exchange of ideas with eminent professionals, so that the development process covers wider canvas and involves mutual interest and understanding.2.4 DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (HRD)Human resource development is considered the key to higher productivity, better relations and greater profitpower for any organization. Iqbal (2007) says human productivity is crucial for growth and survival of organizations. Cheney (2002) supported the concept that higher productivity leads to ultimate societal benefits. As far as the dimensions/components/sub- systems of human resource development are concerned, mechanisms of human resource development have been designed in different ways and various thinkers and professionals have offered divergent views. R ao (1988) suggests that human resource development sub-systems comprise performance appraisal, potential appraisal, career planning, training, performance coaching, organization development, employee welfare, rewards, qualities of work life and human resource education system.Pareek (1983) refers to performance appraisal, feedback, counseling, potential appraisal, career advancement, career planning and training as dimensions of human resource development. Varadan (1987) traces human resource development mechanism into performance appraisal, role analysis, organization development and quality circles. Though there is diversity among these arguments, but one can trace out that on some of the dimensionsthere is unanimity of opinion among the experts. Iqbal (2007) refers, forward motion in human productivity is crucial to a country like Pakistan where the rate of investment has already been low and falls in the range of 17 to 18%.Therefore organizations need to develop employees to e nhance productivity.2.5 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT COMPONENTSJayagopal (1988) proposed a comprehensive framework for human resource development program, comprised upon four study areas with nineteen functions under them. and also suggest a dense network of interconnections between these functions. That framework was thrashed and just about necessary components are only discussed in detail.2.5.1 manpower PlanningManpower planning is the process which assesses and determines that the organization will have an adequate number of qualified persons available at specific times, performing jobs which would make full the needs of the organization and which would provide satisfaction for the individuals involved. It is an endeavor to catch demand and supply, it involves calculation of net human resource requirements based on present level of human resources based on the objectives and long-term plans of the organization, an estimation of present and future requirements and supply of huma n resource to develop the human resource of existing employees and planning an approach that will enable the organization to get the rest of human resources from outside the organization. initiating steps to change, mould and develop the existing human resource to live up to the future human resource requirements.2.5.2 Recruitment, Selection and PlacementGeneration of applications for specific positions for echt or anticipated vacancies is known as Recruitment. Through ideal recruitment procedure suitable applicants could be identified. Selection is the process of ascertaining the qualifications, experience, skill, knowledge etc of an applicant with a view to appraising his/her suitability to a job. Theselected candidate is assigned the most suitable job is Placement. Right person on the right job may produce the best results.2.5.3 Training and DevelopmentThe two terms are quite identical to each other, but they are not the same in meaning. Training is a learning process that aims to permanently improve the ability and behavior of the employees by enabling them to acquire new skill, knowledge and attitude for more efficient performance. Which includes identification of training needs developing suitable training programmes providing requisite job skills and knowledge to employees evaluating the effectiveness of training programmesDevelopment is the growth or realization of a persons ability, through conscious or unconscious learning. Development programs usually include phases of planned study and experience, and are usually supported by a coaching or counseling facility. Development occurs when a gain in experience is effectively combined with the conceptual understanding that can illustrate it, giving increased confidence both to act and to perceive how such action relates to its context (Bolton, 1995).2.5.4 Performance AppraisalPerformance appraisal is the process which helps determine the efficiency of a worker in his/her job performance. It provides a m echanism for identification of merits and deficiencies observed in an employee in relation to his/ her job performance. Appraisal is to determine the present state of efficiency of a worker in order to establish the actual need for training. The process of performance appraisal consists of following Setting the standards for performance Communicating the standard to the employees, measuring the performance, comprising the actual performance with the standard set.2.5.5 Job RotationThe distribution of responsibilities it is suggested will result in specialization. However, to be able to utilize their specialization in thebest possible way, the worktasks should be rotated among the employees so as to broaden their field of specialization as well as their knowledge about the organizations proceeding as a whole. Therefore, once a year the work-tasks, should be rotated among the various employees depending upon their qualifications and suitability to perform the new work-task.2.5.6 Wage and Salary AdministrationThe chief need of all employees is adequate wage and salary, which should be proportionate with his/her duties and responsibilities. Wage and salary administration refers to the establishment and implementation of sound policies and practices of employee compensation. It includes areas such as job evaluation, development and maintenance of wage structure, wage surveys, wage incentives, profit sharing, wage changes and adjustments, supplementary payments, control of compensation costs, etc. Wages and salaries are important in determining the standard of living, per capita income, productivity, moral and economic well being of the workers and employees.2.5.7 Career Planning and DevelopmentThe concept of career planning emerged in the USA in the 1970s, and become popular .It encouraged employees to hit the books and assess their ambitions and provide them with the information about a companys career opportunities. It focuses on generating an awareness of stre ngths and weaknesses among employees and at helping them to match their skills and abilities to the Heads and demand of the organization. Without development of people in the organization, the organization cannot prosper. The General Electric Company (GEC) in USA has brought out the Career Dimensions work books. The four areas where career planning program can benefit a company are They maintain a positive relation with employees. They help to rescind mismatches between what an employee wants and what a company needs and can offer. They provide a way of identifying opportunities for continuous career growth. They improve the utilization of professional and managerial staff.2.5.8 Organization DevelopmentOrganization Development (OD) is an organization-wide, planned effort emphasizing appropriate intervention in the continuous activities of the organization, which is managed from the top. Robbins (1993) describes OD as, A collection of planned change interventions, built on humanisti c-democratic values, that seek to improve organizational effectiveness and employee well being. It consists of the activities related to organizations as social systems which focus on changing the human infrastructure through interventions in the various processes.In a planned way strategy is formulated focusing on developing and stimulating the adaptive capacities of organizations so as to allow them to respond to their internal and external environments, in a pro-active manner. Organization development provides a normative framework within which, changes in the climate and culture of the organization towards harnessing the human potential for realization of organizational objectives is brought out. Organization development exercise includes a teambuilding programme, interpersonal sensitivity, role clarity, personal growth and stress management.2.5.9 Quality CircleQuality circle is a self-governing group of workers with or without their supervisors. This group voluntarily meets reg ularly in order to identify, analyze and solve the problems related to their work area. The circle groups discuss issues and problems relating to their work unit and their own jobs, and can meet both during and after working hours. In asset to the quality circles, there are facilitators, coordinators, and the steering committee that play their respective roles at various stages of functioning of the quality circles. The objectives of the quality circle are enhancement and utilization of human resources effectively Satisfaction of the workers psychological needs for motivation Enhancement of employees supervisory skills like leadership, interpersonal and conflict resolution Developing the skills through participation creating work interest, inculcating problem-solving techniques etc.2.5.10 Human Resource Information SystemA systematic way of gathering and storing information about each individualemployee for the benefit of planning, decision-making and supply of returns to exte rnal agencies at the organizational level is known as human resource information system. A variety of records are maintained to meet the needs of manpower planning, recruitment, development of people, compensation, integration and maintenance and separations not only for internal control, feedback and corrective action, but also to meet the various constitutional obligations.

Not What it Seems Essay

The quote, Things are not always as they witnessm when you are looking from the outside in is a perfect specimen of how we might think the world is perfect but in reality our life is a spider web. Playwright, Arthur Miller, captured this judgement in his play, The Crucible. Miller focuses on the idea of image versus the reality in capital of Oregon. The purpose of Salem was to be a hellhole-free t admit however, it was plagued with adultery, greed, and deceit. There is unrivalled sin that, because of its selfish and evil ways, causes the destruction of prank Proctor and his image this sin is adultery.In the Bible it is said that we are to lead a sin free life, and, more specifically, we are not conjectural to commit adultery. Mentioned in Exodus 2014 Thou shall not commit adultery, it clearly states that if anyone commits adultery then they have committed a sin. Salem, as mentioned, was created to be a perfect town, and Abigail and Johns affair goes a graspst that philosophy. Not sole(prenominal) is this a sin in the Bible, it also creates tension mingled with John and Abigail. More importantly, it created an untrustworthy marriage for Elizabeth and John.However, John Proctor willingly admits to committing adultery with Abigail, and sees Abigail as a child and says, Abby, I may think of you restfully from time to time. But I will cut off my hand before Ill ever reach for you again. Wipe it out of mind. We never touched, Abby (Miller, 23). This shows us that John knows what he did was wrong and wants to gain forgiveness from God, but Abigail stands in his way of doing so. Since John said this to Abigail, she has been trying to get rid of the one person that stands in her way.Abigail thinks that if Elizabeth is out the picture then John will fall for her again but this is not true, and she does whatever it takes to make John hers. In addition, Salem did not live up to its image is in greed. Greed trick be a very destructive part of everyones life, and some good deal let their greed get out of control, which was exactly what happened in Salem during the witch trials. Two citizenrys greed brought up the whole calamity of the trials, convictions and hangings these individuals were Thomas Putnam and Reverend Parris. Unquestionably, Thomas Putnam was a hard-handed, landowner.He valued his land probably more than his marriage, or his possessions. He used his land as a power source to get anything that he wanted, he also used this power to get his neighbors accused and convicted of being witches. He states that you coldly prompted your daughter to utter witchery upon George Jacobs that is now in jail (Miller 96). Putnam would convince his daughter to falsely accuse people of witch craft so once they were convicted he would be able to purchase the deceaseds land, just giving him more land and power. He alone got others to start believing that some people among them were witches.The second greed- alter person is Reverend Parris he fe lt that he was underpaid for his services. At one time he said to Giles Corey, I regard that six pound up as part of my salary You will look far for a man of my kind at sixty pound a year (Miller, 45) This shows us that Reverend Paris wants more material wealth another case where this is present is when he preached for twenty weeks about having golden candlesticks on the altar until he finally got them. As the story progressed, he became greedier for his life and the life of his friends.When Proctor was about to be hanged, Paris begged and pleaded for Proctors life so that he would not be blamed for killing one of Salems upper class. Greed can make a person bring on far from the lord and that is exactly what was going on in Salem. Without a doubt, deceit was the final and most important ingredient to Salem being filled and over-ran with the devil. The first example of deceit was found with Abigail Williams she was the first person who was caught dancing in the woods and realized that if she turned on the others, her own life would be spared.She started making things up so that she would be in the center of life in Salem. Abigail threatened to kill anyone that told on her for witch craft and yet she went fore and accused innocent people. And mark this. Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will begin to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. And you know I can do it I saw Indians smash my dear parents heads on the pillow next to mine and I have seen some reddish work do at night, and I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down (Miller, 20) She accused many innocent people of being witches for her own personal good. She was worried about her image and did not want to get in trouble, but she thought she had the authority to accuse others for her own personal gain so she would not be considered of performing witch-craft. The best example of this would be when she accused Elizabeth Proctor of being a witch. Meanwhile, Abigail and John Proctor had an affair, and she perceived this to symbolize that John wanted to be with her instead of his wife.Then, she realized that the only way for the two of them to be together would be to kill Elizabeth in some way. The only legal way to do this would be to accuse Elizabeth of being a witch and making sure that she was convicted of this crime. Abigail knew that the punishment for the crime of witchcraft was hanging, and carried out her cathexis so that she and John could dance upon her grave together (Miller, 110) With her saying this shows us that she cares for nothing more than her happiness and that she has devilish thoughts.This lie was a major sin and shows us that Abigail is mean, selfish, backstabber. Since being condemned with adultery, greed, and deceit, the so-called sin-free town of Salem was everything but that it was filled with the devil and evil. With Abigail and J ohn committing adultery, Mr. Putnams obsession with wealth, and finally all the lies and backstabbing of Abigail, we can see Salem is not so perfect after all. Salem is a prime example of something looking good from the outside, but once you get inside, one can see the dirt and grime.

Prehistory of Bangladesh

University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh GED 100 Bangladesh Studies Afsana Anjum Lecturer Room 602 The rowing is concerned with the political, cultural, social and economic history of Bengal that dates back to 320 B. C. with the line drawing towards the present. Daily lifestyle, society, religion, culture, wealth of Bengal in other words how this nation gradually evolved into at presents Bangladesh is the main structure of this subject.With that, land formation, agriculture system, industry, trade and commerce, religious activities, language and literature, sculpture, art architecture- in one word all sort of activities of the tribe of Bengal that evolved from thousand years ago is the theme of this subject. We are trying here to find the root and trail to our present standing point in universe of discourse civilization. Grading 100 Points social unit 1 Environmental Background weather and climate, land formation, river system, flora and fauna, mineral resources, demography, cultur e and religionUnit 2 Prehistory of Bangladesh Unit 3 other(a) historic Era (500 BC- 320 AD) Mshasthangarh and Wari-Bateshswar Unit 4 Late Historic Era-1 (320 550 AD) Gupta Era Unit 5 Late Historic Era-2 (525 750 AD) Sasanka, Gopachandra, Dharmaditya, Samachardeva, Khadga, Rata, Deva Unit 6Early Medieval Era (750 1230 AD) Pala, Chandra, Sena, Varman Unit 7Medieval Period (1204 1650) Sulatanate and Mughal Unit 8Coming of Europeans and easterly India CompanyUnit 9Liberation Movements Beginning of Communalism, Birth of East Pakistan (1947), Language Movement (1948 52), Juktafront Electiuons (1954) , Six Point movement (1966), Mass movement of 1969 and Election in 1970, Liberation War (1971) Unit10 Political history of Bangladesh from Independence Unit 11 Bangladesh achievements and challenges Unit 12 Review what weve learned. References Books Banglapedia, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh Bangladesher Etihas, 2006, Dr. Rahim, Dr.Chowdhury, Dr. Mahmud and Dr. Islam (Nouroj) level of Bengal- Vol 1 & 2 (Dhaka University) History of Bangladesh- Vol1, 2 & 3 (AsiaticSociety of Bangladesh) A History of Bangladesh- Williem Van Schendel History of Bengali speaking people- Nitish Sen Gupta Geography of Bangladesh, 1991, Haroun Er Rashid, UPL Bangladesh on the threshold of twenty first Century- Edited by Fakrul Alam & A. M. Chowdhury (Asiatic Society of Bangladesh) Bengali Literature, V C Ghosh, Oxford University PressEconomic Geography of Bangladesh- Dr. Harun ur Rashid Online Wikipedia www. wikipedia. com http//bpedia. org/ http//www. banglapedia. org/httpdocs/bangla/index. htm http//countrystudies. us/bangladesh/ Internet History Sourcebooks Project http//www. fordham. edu/halsall/ Project Gutenberg http//www. Gutenberg. org/wiki/Main_Page http//www. historyguide. org/ancient/lecture18b. html http//www. hyperhistory. com/online_n2/History_n2/a. html

Feminism in Islamic countries

Argument Feminism in Muslim countries is probably among the sharpest issues nowadays, as the spiritual tradition to be broken is time-honored and legally implement in the present day. Saba Mahmood, who originated from the state of this category, explores this situation from inside (Wadud, 2006) in her writings in general and her book Politics of Piety The Islamic Revival and the libber Subject in particular.The paper is intended to study her argument in details and provide a critical response. The Saba Mahmoods writing offers an interesting eyeshot on Islamic feminism the so-called pietism movement or Islamic revival. I would like to challenge this concept, as the term feminism lies in a different dimension from the mosque movement. First of all, feminism refers to the movement, established by women and aimed at achieving equality in all spheres of social lifetime cargoner, education, suffrage, marital life and so forth.This mean, fe young-begetting(prenominal)s seek to raise their social status and gain the right to manifest their views and engage into different activities on the same basis as males do. Mahmood unfairly call the female participants of the Islamic revival feminists, as this movement was primarily initiated by Muslim males, who wished to reinforce their dominative position at the time of globalization and step-by-step egalitarization in terms of gender.In addition, Islam is a masculine religion that seeks to curb womans entitlement even in the most primitive daily routines (like walking whole around the city), i. e. it restricts her emancipation thats why most feminists are known as secular. The Islamic revival is described in the following way Practically, this means instructing Muslims not only in the proper exerciseance of religious duties and acts of worship but, more importantly, in how to organize their daily conduct in accord with principles of Islamic piety and virtuous behavior (Mahmood, at press. princeton. edu, 2006, p. 5 ).These rules and daily activities must include one vital component females obedience and observance of conventional androcenrtic principles, widely rejected by contemporary feminists, as such prescriptions are unlikely to result in the establishment of gender equality. As one fag end understand, the participants of the Islamic revival pursue to great extent converse goals, pointing to the increase of overall piety in Egyptian society. Due to this substantial divergence in opinions and attitudes it would be incorrect to characterize the women, who actively engage into the piety movement, as feminists, despite their active social position.On the other hand, I agree with the notion of womens agency in Islamic countries, as numerous investigations have already proved that there are certain areas of life, which belong exceptionally to females Through a rich ethnography of womens cultic practices, Boddy proposes that in a society where the official ideology of Islam is dominated and c ontrolled by men, the zar practice might be understood as a space of subordinate discourse (Mahmood, at press.princeton. edu, 2006, p. 8). Mahmood therefore writes about the womens secreted resistance to androcentrism, but the notion of feminism refers to broad manifestation of such opposition. Another questionable notion that relates to feminism is positive freedom Positive freedom is understood as the capacity to realize an autonomous will, one by and large fashioned in accord with the dictates of universal reason.. (Mahmood, at press. princeton. edu, 2006, p. 12).The scholar suggests that positive freedom is a domineering concept in feminism, as true liberty can be brought about only by the ability to understand and realize ones own true will. On the other hand, this concept, in my, opinion, is valid only in European or Western-oriented countries, as Christianity as a religion and ideology supports such a deep and thorough front for ones self regardless of gender, i. e. Wester n religions are more egalitarian in this sense, comparing to Islam, which, in turn, assists only males in their self-discovery, whereas females are traditionally viewed as property in this doctrine.This means, Muslim females are not always able to realize their true will, as they have been brought up in the lifetime of complete obedience and inequality since their early childhood. Due to the incident that feminism in Islamic countries is currently being at relatively lower spot of development, it would be more appropriate to apply the principle of negative freedom, or absence of restraints and numerous taboos in such countries, as the elimi province of objective (social, political and heathenish) bounds is the first step to cognitive liberation.Another important message conveyed by the scholar is following if the ability to effect change in the world and in oneself is historically and culturally specific , then the meaning and sense of agency cannot be fixed in advance, but must emerge through an compendium of the particular concepts that enable specific modes of being, responsibility and efficacy (Mahmood, at press.princeton. edu, 2006, p. 15-16). This means, in order to initiate certain social change, it is particularly important to learn the cultural context within which the transformation will occur. In fact, cultural literacy and the ability to evaluate certain phenomena, which exist in certain culture from the position of this tradition, are important, as they allow preserving national identity.The only note to be done is that situational approach is relevant in any situation, so that sometimes it is necessary to perform radical intervention for instance, if certain (hypothetical) nation suddenly introduces a violent practice (legalization of homicide or infanticide), it would be unwise to conduct a scrupulous compend of the cultural context and the causes of such an inhumane innovation on the contrary, more conscientious nations should interfere into the situation and resolve it in consent with international legislation.Such cases of urgency should therefore be approached from more radical standpoint. Furthermore, Mahmood challenges the notion that the Islamic revival is a strategy, employer to resist the Westernization of the corresponding states While this interpretation is not entirely treat and captures an important aspect of Islamist movements, it nonetheless reduces their complexity to the trope of resistance (Mahmood, at press. princeton.edu, 2006, p. 15-16). The scholar does not adopt the term resistance , but the issue she discusses in her book, females participation in the piety restoration, can be characterized as the opposition to classical European and American feminism that seeks to separate social life from religious rituals (Madud, 2006) and create new (and, more importantly, extensive) opportunities for women in terms of career development and university education.On the contrary, the Islamic movement i s aimed at providing women with a narrow chance to access mosque not merely as parishioners, but also as preachers. Nevertheless, the foundation of the piety restoration and the issues in Western feminism can be approached independently , as local events, reflecting the peculiarities of certain nation.The author suggests that the piety movement has certain political functions The political efficacy of this these movements is, I would suggest, a function of the work they perform in the ethical realm (Mahmood, at press. princeton. edu, 2006, p. 37). In my opinion, Mahmood overstresses the importance of the mentioned movement in political discourse although it operates in the sphere of ethics and to great extent modifies the nations cognitive constructs and convictions, it is not directly involved into the current state of political affairs.Thus, the movement, being completely clerical, is not capable of intervening into the politics in the present day and due to the fact that Islamic countries are now influenced by numerous powers and their development is therefore dynamic and unpredictable, it will be achievable to assert the penetration of piety restoration into politics only after its members gain access to political power or achieve the introduction of piety policy at governmental level otherwise the efforts within the realm of ethics might appear in vain.The most doubtful argument of Mahmoods writing is her confidence in the broad perspectives of the Islamic revival due to the fact that women are nowadays entitled to serve in mosques (sacred places, or male domain) as preachers, they are likely to expand their political influence in the future. On the other hand, the nature of this revival points to the desirable abstention from politics, as the consummate(a) concept of female virtuousness to great extent excludes the womans participation in the affairs of the state.Clearly, the idea of neo-piety teaches females to behave in strict accordance with relig ious prescriptions and demonstrate modesty and humility, but these qualities are unlikely to enhance the persons access to power. Historically, women were allowed to serve as priestesses in ancient, but this fact gave them no benefits except prestige the situation seems to recur.To sum up, Saba Mahmood basically tries to link two incompatible issues feminism and the piousness renewal, which, as I deem, operate in completely different dimensions. In addition, the scholar suggests that the penetration into the religious system is the primary prerequisite for womens access to politics, yet it is still unclear in which way the movement will modify the existing ethical matrix so that it determines their political weight.Works cited Mahmood, S. Politics of Piety The Islamic Revival and the womens rightist Subject. Princeton Princeton University Press, 2005. Available online at http//press. princeton. edu/chapters/s7888. pdf, 2006 Wadud, A. Politics of Piety The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject (review). Journal of the American Academy of Religion, vol. 74 (3), September 2006 pp. 815-818

Assignment Template

A new manager is starting in the organisation shortly. You provoke been asked to provide an outline to this new-starter, so that they set up gain some go steadying of the organisation in preparation for their start. The information you provide should include ? A list of the main products and services of the organisation ? An identification of the main customers ? The purpose and goals of the organisation An analysis of a minimum of 4 outside(a) factors and their impact on the business activities of an organisation ? The structure and at least(prenominal) 4 functions of the organisation ? An explanation of how these different functions work to abbreviateher within the organisation to optimise mental process ? An identification of the culture of the organisation and at least 2 ways this affects operations.In order to understand the makeupal business or operation environment and contend with specific organisational culture, it seems important to get the comprehensive information regarding the products and services, customer base, organizational goals or objectives of the company and its internal or external influencing factors. Considering the same, skeleton insight about orchard apple tree Inc. croupe be of great help for new managers to understand and cope with new organizations culture. orchard apple tree Inc. is known in the globose market place for its innovative new dimensions of digital technology, which acts as the core competitive advantages of its business.Company has well known brand repute in the local and global market places, which entails it to expand its business of producing personal computers, computer software, servers, consumer electronics and digital media for distribution etc beyond the domestic boundaries. Apple has authentic origination and new digital technology utilization as the strategy for offset of organization and expansion of business in global territories. Most popular products of company are the iPhone, iPad, iPod, a nd the mack computers and laptops, which retain helped in establishment of its own niche market by the Apple.Certain products like iPods and iTunes etc have generated high volume sales in its specific industry segment of consumer electronics and media sales. With grand success of iPhone series mobile equipments Apple is still reaping the market through its innovative product iPad. One of the founding member Steve Jobs has formulated and matureed the culture of innovation and new dimensions of digital technology as the key competitive factors. Apple has line up its strategic thoughts with that of the approach of creation and delivery of new product segments and improvements in the be products in the market.Through such(prenominal) approach of innovation and advanced technology product development, Apple has build up its specific organizational culture and with passage of time extensive research and development programs and quick upgrade of upcoming and existing products have be come the integral part of its overall organizational development strategy. In its customer base main constituents are the young age individuals and institutional organizations, who utilises specific products like iPods, iPhones, iPads etc for their personal use and Mac computers and laptops for their professional or operational uses.Improvements and upgrades in existing products and launch of new innovative products have helped in development of organizational value and sustain growth prospects. Basic approach of Apple towards operational imperatives seems to get the integration framework, where different operational functions like designing, engineering, retail and research and development are integrated to develop high step and advanced technology products. Such approach of integration of different operational functions helps it in gaining flexibility and quick responses in situation of change in environment.Most of the operational efforts remain allocated to bring innovation an d efficiency in core functions of Apple, like designing, engineering, retail and research and development, which bring uniqueness and sustainable quality in the offerings. As basic strategy of Apple Inc. is considered to be inclined towards development of specific products targeted to trusted specific markets, thus even though it has earned impressive growth in past, a potential threat of influence of external environmental factors also exists, which may potentially affect the business and growth prospects of the Apple Inc.Certain external factors which may affect the Apples business can be mentioned as change in interest or preferences of the customers, dynamic changes in the technology, entry of other strong competitors in its niche market segment and change in rules and regulations of global market economies. Due to technological advancements nigh of the technical specifications of iPods became available in iPhones and other similar products of other competitors thus it poses enhanced internal and external competition for its products like iPods etc.Similarly with spread of technology in global sphere several other competitors have also started optimizing their potentials to compete directly in the niche market of Apple, just like the case of Samsung which has be significant competition to the Apples iPhone. Apples organizational culture is considered to be base on the integration of different operational functions and utilization of innovation and digital technology dimension in product development.As Apple operates in global scenario and utilizes the organizational communication, open-mindedness, inter-disciplinary design reviews and collaborative operations of technical teams as its organizational culture components, thus certain issues like cross culture conflicts and respective barriers of communications can affect the productivity and sustainability of growth prospects. Cross cultural conflicts can hamper the competitive advantages developed by t he Apple in several years of effort.

The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 11

EllaThe next morning Lila is feel much better. Its ilk last nighttime never happened, but I wonder if its an act.I run through a feeling that today is termination to be full of rainbows and sunshine, Lila says cheerily as she applies her lipstick, using the mirror on the closet door.Against my protest, she took down some of my sketches, so she could see her reflection. See what, though? Id asked and she laughed, totally confused. ar you high? I tease as I twist my hair onto the back of my head and catch it with a clip.She pauses, looking at me over her shoulder. Why do you always ask questions like that?I slip on my boots and tie up the laces. What kinds of questions?She blots her lips. Every time Im happy, you always ask if Im drunk or on something. People can be happy without substances.I clasp a watch just about my wrist. Most people can, but non all.Lila clips a diamond earring in. You look really nice today.I glance down at the black and purple dress I shake up on and the boots on my feet. I forgot to do laundry so I had to wear some of my old clothes, which dont match each of my new shoes.Well you look nice. She make ups an elongated pause. So whats on the ag leftovera for today?It depends on what youre doing? I ask. Are you where are you planning on staying?She shuts off her phone and then discards it onto the bed. Id like to stick most with you for a while, if you dont mind. We could hang out. I dont vex anything scheduled for the summer and Im not going back home.Do you necessity to sort me what happened?No, not really.Okay well, I need to find a job, I say. I have to save up for the rest of my tuition since it doesnt look like Ill be getting that internship.She puts a headband in her hair. The one at that art museum.Thats the one and it doesnt start until mid-June, I explain. only thats only louver weeks away, so I figured theyd have notified me if I got it.You never love. Sometimes things like that move slow. She folds up a shirt a nd packs it into her bag, then ties a ribbon on the back of her shirt. Although, if you get it thatd mean youd have to go back to Vegas, right?Nodding, I head for the door. Two weeks ago the idea of returning to the forego would make me happy, but somethings changed. I still want to go, though leaving will be a little bit harder.I collect my phone off the dresser, noting the flashing voicemail on the screen Michas unread message. My finger hovers above the button as I step into the hall. He told me I wasnt ready for what was on it? But am I ready for it now?I dont know why you think its so bad here. Lila follows me. Yeah, people are a little rough, but theyre not all bad and everywhere has bad stuff. You cant hide from it.Thats very insightful. I close my phone and put it away.Bad comes in assorted forms, Lila continues. Whether its drug dealers on the corner or if its corrupt rich people or just your run-of-the-mill douche bag.I dont know much about Lila, other than shes rich, her pascal transactions as a lawyer and her mom stays home. She likes clothes, is great with numbers and was the only reason I passed pre-calculus.My brothers door is kick in and he walks out as were passing by. He has a black and red polo shirt on and a pair of cargo pants. Theres some kind of gel in his hair and it looks shiny.Hey, have you seen dad? he asks, giving an acknowledging glance at Lila.I point at the shut door at the end of the hall. I thought I let ond him come in late last night and go into his room.He did, but he got up this morning. He leans against the doorframe and crosses his arms. I heard him stumbling near in that derriere and crying all night, but now I cant find him and I didnt hear him leave. His work called the house, saying he didnt show up, so hes not there.My fists clench so that my nails dig into my palms. Did you checkout time in the bathroom?Deans eyes travel down the hall to the bathroom door and he shakes his head. I havent and I dont want to.Hi, Im Lila, she introduces herself and offers her hand. You must be Ellas brother, Dean.Dean is vaguely amused and shakes her hand. Yeah how do you know Ella?I was her roommate, she responds, pressing her hand to her chest, faking being offended. Didnt she ever mention me?We dont talk that much. I eye the bathroom door again and my stomach twists. We need to find Dad.Im not looking in that bathroom, Ella, but if you want to, go ahead. With legs flimsier than wet noodles, I walk down the dark hallway and stop in see of the door, having a flashback of the day my mom died. The door was closed and the house was soundless, except for the running of water. My hands tremble as I open the door.The room is bare, the tub empty, and the tile floor is clean, except for a tenuous stain. There are no towels on the hooks and the mirror on the wall across from me shows my reflection. My chromatic hair is curled perfectly in place, my lips are lined with gloss, and my green eyes are broad and reveal everything.Dad isnt in here, I tell him, unable to look away from the mirror. Are you surely you didnt hear him leave the house?He could have left and I just didnt hear him, he answers. But when has he ever left the house quietly before?I quickly slam dance the bathroom door, like Im trying to put out a fire, and race back down the hall. psyche needs to find him. Did you try and call him?Of course. Im not a moron. He rolls his eyes and nods. And he didnt answer.Lila shifts her tilt and forces the uncomfortable conversation elsewhere. So you play the drums, Dean?He motions to his drum set in the shopping center of his small room with dark blue walls. The floor and bed are cluttered with boxes and the curtain is pulled back, allow the sunlight spill in. I used to, but I dont much anymore. I have work and a fiance.Fiance? Lila and I say simultaneously.Yeah, as in were engaged. Dean rolls his eyes and goes back into his room. Its what happens when ii people date for a really long time.Why didnt you tell me? I ask, following him into his room.He picks up a small box and drops it onto the floor. Do you really care that I am?I carefully nudge the box out of the way with my foot. Youre my brother. Of course I care.But its not like weve ever really gotten along, he points out. I havent til now talked to you for a year. God, I didnt regular know you went to college until a week ago.Hes right, which is sad. I tho know him, he barely knows me, and Im starting to think I barely know me, too.Does Dad know youre engaged? I ask. Were you at least planning on singing him?Even if I told him, hed just forget the next day. He empties a dresser drawer into a large open box and then aligns the drawer back into place. You know how he is. Christ, I dont even think half the time he knows that you and I dont live here anymore.He still deserves to be told, I say. Hes not a bad guy and you know it. He just has problems.Problems that fucked up our childhood. He kicks a box out of the way with force and it crashes into the wall. You do realize that how we grew up wasnt normal. God, even Micha had it easier and his dad bailed out on him, but at least he had a stable mom to prefer care of him.Umm Lila pokes her head in the room. I think Im going to wait outside for you, Ella.God, Id forgotten she was even there and she just heard all of that.Okay, Ill be down in a second, I tell her and she leaves readily. I wander around Deans room, taking in the films he has up. I think we whitethorn have just scared her to death.Dean picks up his drumsticks and places them into a large duffel bag. Okay, I have to ask. How did you end up being friends with her?She was my roommate and we just sort of bonded. I shrug, picking up a photo of Dean and his friends on a sunny beach. It was taken during his Senior Field Trip and he looks happy.You bonded, he accuses. The girl looks like a spoiled princess.I eye his preppy clothes. So do you.First off, Im not a princes s and Ive earned what I have, he says. It wasnt just handed to me.Maybe she did, too.Did she?I hate to give him the benefit of being right. No, her parents are pretty well off.He looks at me with that stupid arrogant demeanor he gets when I admit hes right. Well, there you have it then.Shes nice, I protest. And she doesnt ask a lot of questions.It may seem like you need to keep things to yourself, he says, putting a blanket into a box. But its not healthy. You need to find psyche you can let it all out to. Otherwise youre going to lose it.My eyes roam to the window where the edge of Michas house is visible. I think I already did.Deans forehead creases as he drops a handful of guitar picks into a trunk. Lose it? Or talk to someone about it?Both. I back toward the door. When are you heading back to Chicago?Hopefully by tonight. No offense or anything, but this place brings back way too many unpleasant memories. bear witness to say good-bye before you leave.He doesnt respond and I do nt wait around for an answer. That was probably the long-lasting conversation that weve ever had and I have a feeling it may be our last for a very long time.

Lacsap’s Triangle

1 Introduction. Let us flying field a triplicity of constituents Obviously, the totals argon following some pattern. In this investigation we leave behind try to explain the possibility behind this arrangement and to find a oecumenic relation between the members sum up and its encourage. The pattern above is called a Lacsaps Triangle, which inevitably hints at its relation to another arrangement dadas Triangle (as Lacsap appears to be an anagram of Pascal). The algorithm behind it is very simple from each one atom is the sum of the two elements above it.However, if we represent a triangle as a plank (below), we will be able to notice a pattern between an index yield of an element and its value newspaper chromatography column column column column column column column 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 form 0 1 row 1 1 1 row 2 1 2 1 row 3 1 3 3 1 row 4 1 4 6 4 1 row 5 1 5 10 10 5 1 row 6 1 6 15 20 15 6 6 1 It seems important to us to emphasis several points that this accede makes obviou s ? the tot of elements in a row is n + 1 (where n is an index number of a row) ? the element in column 1 is always equal to the element in column n 1 ? herefore, the element in column 1 in every row is equal to the number of a given row. like a shot when we have established the main sequences of a Pascals triangle let us see how they are going to be verbalized in a Lacsaps arrangement. We also suggest understanding at numerators and denominators separately, because it seems obvious that the fractions themselves set upt be derived from earlier values using the progressions of the sort that Pascal uses. Finding Numerators. Lets engender with presenting given numerators in a similar table, where n is a number of a row. n=1 1 1 n=2 1 3 1 n=3 1 6 6 1 n= 4 1 0 10 10 1 n=5 1 15 15 15 15 1 3 Although the triangles appeared similar, the table demonstrates a significant difference between them. We can see, that all numerators in a row (except 1s) have the same value. Therefore, they d o not depend on other elements, and can be obtained from a number of row itself. Now a relationship we have to explore is between these numbers 1 1 2 3 3 6 4 10 5 15 If we consider a number of row to be n, hence n=1 1=n 0. 5 2 n 0. 5 (n +1) n n=2 3 = 1. 5n 0. 5 3 n 0. 5 (n +1) n n=3 6 = 2n 0. 5 4 n 0. 5 (n +1) n n=4 10 = 2. 5 n 0. 5 5 n 0. 5 (n +1) n n=5 15 = 3n 0. 6 n 0. 5 (n +1) n Moving from left to decent in each row of the table above, we can clearly see the pattern. Dividing an element by a row number we get a series of numbers each one of them is 0. 5 greater than the previous one. If 0. 5 is factored out, the next sequence is 2 3 4 5 6, where each element corresponds to a row number. Using a cyclic method, we have found a general expression for the numerator in the original triangle If Nn is a numerator in a row n, then Nn = 0. 5(n + 1)n = 0. 5n2 + 0. 5n Now we can plot the relation between the row number and the numerator in each row.The graph of a parabolic form begins a t (0 0) and continues to rise to infinity. It represents a continuous function for which D(f) = E(f) = (0 ) 4 Using a formula for the numerator we can now find the numerators of further rows. For example, if n = 6, then Nn = 0. 5 62 + 0. 5 6 = 18 + 3 = 21 if n = 7, then Nn = 0. 5 72 + 0. 5 7 = 24. 5 + 3. 5 = 28 and so forth. Another way of representing numerators would be through using factorial notation, for obviously Numeratorn = n Now lets concentrate of finding another part of the fraction in the triangle. Finding Denominators.There are two main variables, that a denominator is likely to depend on ? number of row ? numerator To find out which of those is connected with the denominator, let us consider a following table column 1 column 2 column 3 column 4 column 5 column 6 5 row 1 1 1 row 2 1 2 1 row 3 1 4 4 1 row 4 1 7 6 7 1 row 5 1 11 9 9 11 1 It is now evident, that a difference between the successive denominators in a second column increases by one with each iteration 1 2 4 7 11, the difference between elements being 1 2 3 4. So if the number of row is n, and the denominator of the second column is D, then D1 = 1D2 = 2 D3 = 4 etc then Dn = Dn-1 + (n 1) = (n-1) + 1 If we now look at the third column with a regard to a factorial sequence, a pattern emerges In the series 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 , if d is the denominator of the third column, then d3 = 1 + 1 + 2 = 4 d4 = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6 d5 = 2 + 3 + 4 = 9 dn = (n 2) + 3 To check the consistency of this succession, we will continue with the study of the fourth column. By analogy, the result is as follows Denominatorn = (n 3) + 6 (where n is a number of row) Therefore, it can be represented as followsColumn 2 (n-1) +1 Column 3 (n-2) +3 Column 4 (n-3) +6 It is now clear, that numbers inside the brackets follow the (c 1) (where c is the number of column), and the numbers outside are in fact the numerators of the row of the previous index number (comparing to the column). Therefore, a general expression for the denomi nator would be Dn = (n (c 1)) + (c 1) 6 where Dn is a general denominator of the triangle n is a number of row c is the number of column Now we can use a formula above to calculate the denominators of the rows 6 and 7. column 2 column 3 olumn 4 column 5 column 6 row 6 (6 1) + 1 = 16 (6 2) + 3 = 13 (6 3) + 6 = 12 (6 4) + 10 = 13 (6 5) +15 =16 row 7 (7 1) + 1 = 22 (7 2) + 3 = 18 (7 3) + 6 = 16 (7 4) + 10 = 16 (7 5) +15 =18 column 7 (7 6) + 21 = 22 Fusing these value with the numerators from the calculations above, we get the 6th and the seventh rows of the Lacsaps triangle Row 6 1 1 Row 7 1 1 If we now let En(r) be the (r + 1)th element in the nth row, starting with r = 0 then the general statement for this element would be En(r) =Conclusion. To check the validity and limitations of this general statement let us consider the unusual circumstances first of all, will it work for the columns of ones (1st and last column of each row)? if n = 4 r = 0, then En(r) = =1 if n = 5 r = 5, then En(r) = =1 7 therefore, the statement is valid for any element of any row, including the first one En(r) = =1 However, obviously, the denominator of this formula can not equal zero. But as long as r and n are twain always positive integers (being index numbers), this limitation appears to be irrelevant.If the numeration of columns was to start from 1 (the 1st column of ones), then the general statement would take the form of En(r) = 8 Bibliography 1) Weisstein, Eric W. Pascals Triangle. From MathWorldA Wolfram Web Resource. http// mathworld. wolfram. com/PascalsTriangle. hypertext markup language 2) Pascals Triangle and Its Patterns an article from All you ever wanted to know http// ptri1. tripod. com/ 3) Lando, Sergei K.. 7. 4 multiplicative sequences. Lectures on generating functions. AMS. ISBN 0-8218-3481-9